胫骨锁定钢板治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的疗效及并发症分析

目的探讨锁定钢板治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折患者的临床疗效，分析并发症发生的原因并提出预防处理方法。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年1月采用胫骨锁定钢板内固定治疗56例复杂胫骨平台骨折患者的临床资料，根据Rasmussen膝关节功能评分评估手术疗效，观察术后并发症发生情况。 结果平均随访时间(12±6)个月。末次随访时根据Rasmussen膝关节功能评分标准，优25例、良26例、中5例，优良率91%。术后出现1例伤口感染，2例膝关节轻度内翻，1例膝关节不稳定。 结论胫骨锁定钢板治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折患者手术时间短、损伤小，患者术后膝关节功能恢复满意，但仍存在一定并发症，要术者做好充分的术前评估，熟练掌握手术技巧，尽可能减少术后并发症的发生。     

Dietary and herbal supplements use among patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments

ObjectivesTo assess consumption of dietary and herbal supplements (DHS) among patients in internal medicine departments and determine whether such use is documented in their medical files.Methods267 patients from three internal medicine departments of an academic medical center in Haifa, Israel were assessed prospectively with questionnaires about their DHS use in the month preceding hospitalization. DHS were categorized into vitamins & minerals, herbal supplements and others. Further data was then collected from patients' medical records on socio-demographic and medical characteristics, as well as documentation of DHS use.Results123 patients (50.6 %) used DHS on a daily basis. Most of them (53.7 %) were using more than one DHS. DHS use was more prevalent in older (OR = 1.02 [1.001–1.036], p = 0.034) and educated (OR = 0.482 [0.252-0.923], p = 0.028) patients. Vitamins & minerals were used mainly to enhance vitality and address laboratory abnormalities, whereas herbal supplements were used mainly for gastrointestinal problems (p < 0.001). DHS use was reported to the physicians by 42 % of the patients, mostly at the patients’ initiative [92 (82.1 %), p < 0.001)]. Vitamins and minerals were the most reported category of DHS (94 (57.3 %), p < 0.001). The use of DHS was reported to physicians for 112 DHS (41.8 %) but only 32 DHS (11.9 %) were documented in their medical files. The documentation of vitamins and minerals was significantly higher compared to herbal supplements documentation (29 (17.7 %) & 3 (2.9 %) respectively, P < 0.001).ConclusionsDHS are commonly used by patients hospitalized in the internal medicine departments. Many patients do not report such use to the physicians, and more strikingly, physicians do not document DHS use in patient medical files. This communication gap may have serious medico-legal ramifications due to DHS side effects and DHS interactions with other DHS and with conventional drugs.     

锁定加压钢板结合植骨术治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨锁定加压钢板结合植骨术治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法应用锁定加压钢板固定结合植骨术治疗32例胫骨平台闭合骨折患者。结果手术时间62~135(98.5±3.5)min。术后1周内行X线检查,30例患者获得解剖或接近解剖复位(占93.8%),2例患者功能复位(占6.2%)。患者均获得随访,时间5~16(8.2±1.5)个月。骨折均骨性愈合。膝关节功能评价根据HSS评分标准:优23例,良5例,可3例,差1例,优良率87.5%。结论应用锁定加压钢板固定结合植骨术治疗胫骨平台骨折术后并发症少,膝关节功能恢复良好,治疗效果满意。     

对比观察跨伤椎固定与经伤椎固定在治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折的临床疗效

目的对比观察跨伤椎固定与经伤椎固定在治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折的临床疗效。方法将患者平均分为实验组和对照组,对照组行跨伤椎固定,实验组行经伤椎固定。结果经过治疗后实验组JOA为(23.4±1.8)分,VAS为(2.6±0.8)分,与对照组相比,P0.05,差异不具有统计学意义。实验组手术后与手术前伤椎前后缘之差,以及半年后测量值与术后前后缘之差对比,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论与跨伤椎固定相比,采用经伤椎固定的方法治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折具有更好的临床效果。     

研究人工股骨头置换和内固定治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的临床疗效

目的本次主要研究探讨人工股骨头置换和内固定治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法选取于2010年5月~2013年5月在我院接受股骨颈骨折治疗的患者70例作为研究对象,将所有患者按照随机分配的方式分为对照组和实验组各35例,其中实验组采用人工股骨头置换,对照组采用内固定治疗。结果经治疗后,实验组优良率为88.57%;对照组优良率74.28%。结论人工股骨头置换治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效更好,是老年人股骨颈骨折治疗的可行办法,值得在临床上大力推广。     

人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊术缝线改良研究

目的探讨人工晶状体Ⅱ期睫状沟悬吊缝线改良的可行性和实用性。方法选取需Ⅱ期人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊患者32例(32只眼),采用折叠人工晶状体,利用VE2200人工晶状体植入系统,由双针各带有环形10-0非吸收聚丙烯缝线固定于睫状沟,结扎缝线关闭自创的口袋样裂隙状板层巩膜瓣,线结自行埋藏。结果患者术后植入的人工晶状体居中,裸眼视力均有不同程度的提高。术后3个月,视力>0.8的眼3只(9.4%),视力0.4~0.8眼17只(53.1%),视力<0.4的眼12只(37.5%)。术前、术后3个月平均角膜散光均值分别为(1.75±1.24)D与(1.64±1.32)D,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。切口闭合线结埋藏满意。结论采用双针10-0聚丙烯缝线睫状沟悬吊固定晶状体、关闭自创口袋样巩膜裂隙状板层瓣、线结埋藏一次完成,操作简捷,手术并发症少,有效可行。     

État de l’art de l’irradiation des ganglions de la chaîne mammaire interne

In the adjuvant breast cancer treatment, postoperative radiotherapy plays a principal part with an action against the microscopic residual disease in the lymph nodes after mastectomy as well as after breast conserving surgery. This positive effect is observed also in the case of small inner lesions in patients without lymph node involvement. At the same time, there is a recognized risk of cardiac toxicity directly related to the irradiation of internal mammary nodes. This paper is a report on the current available techniques to irradiate the internal mammary nodes, including promising new technology that may help limiting the risk of cardiac toxicity.